Demographic Related Variables Research Articles

Impact of Religious Beliefs and Religious Practices on Individuals' Ability to Cope up With Covid-19 Pandemic: A Study with Special Reference to Followers of Islam in Saudi Arabia

The current study examined the impact of religious beliefs and practices implemented by Muslims in Saudi Arabia on their ability to cope with stress, social isolation, uncertainty, and providing social support during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study included a questionnaire with a sample of 1,511 respondents. The relationship of demographic variables and religious beliefs and practices of respondents was analyzed using a correlation table. It was found that gender and civil status positively correlated with religious beliefs and practices. Whereas nationality, location, employment status, and monthly income had no significant impact on religious beliefs and practices. The study revealed a positive association of religious beliefs and practices on an individual's ability to cope with stress, social isolation, and uncertainty during the COVID-19 pandemic. Some interventions, such as using social media, helped them cope as well.

Rumination about the Russo-Ukrainian War and its related factors among individuals in Poland and Ukraine.

The present study aimed to investigate the factors associated with the level of rumination about the war among people living in Poland and Ukraine. This cross-sectional study recruited internet users from advertisements on social media. Levels of rumination, Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS), Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), time spent on news of the war, and related demographic variables were collected. The reliability and construct validity of rumination were estimated. Potential factors associated with the level of rumination were identified using univariate linear regression analysis, and further entered into a stepwise multivariate linear regression model to identify independent factors. Due to the non-normality of distribution, multivariate linear regression with 5000 bootstrap samples was used to verify the results. A total of 1438 participants were included in the analysis, of whom 1053 lived in Poland and 385 lived in Ukraine. The questionnaires on rumination were verified to have satisfactory reliability and validity. After analysis with stepwise and bootstrap regression, older age, female gender, higher DASS and IES-R scores, and longer time spent on news of the war were significantly associated with higher levels of rumination for both people living in Poland and Ukraine. Lower self-rated health status, history of chronic medical illness and coronavirus disease 2019 infection were also positively associated with rumination for people living in Poland. We identified several factors associated with the level of rumination about the Russo-Ukrainian War. Further investigations are warranted to understand how rumination affects individuals' lives during crises such as war.

Relationship of Demographic Variables and Level of Disease Awareness Among Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients; a Tertiary Care Hospital Study

Objective: To determine the relationship between demographic variables and the level of disease awareness among patients of Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
 Study Design: Cross-sectional study
 Place and Duration of Study: Fauji Foundation Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Mar 2019 to Jan 2020.
 Methodology: The study included 150 patients, diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus according to SLICC criteria. A self-made questionnaire was used, including three sets of questions. The first set collected information on socio-demographic characteristics, and the second set gathered information regarding the symptoms and treatment. While, the third was based on aetiology, aspects of life affected and sources of disease knowledge.
 Results: A total of 150 participants' data was analysed; the majority of those were females. The mean age was 36.19±12.08 years and 17.3% of the patients had adequate knowledge of the disease. There were no statistically significant differences in awareness based on gender, education level and geographical distribution.
 Conclusion: SLE is a two-pronged sword that affects patients' mental and physical health. Patient awareness remains an important aspect of disease management which is currently not emphasized appropriately. At the community and national levels, measures must be taken to promote and create awareness regarding SLE.

Cognitive and Emotional Motivation to Explain Infection-Prevention Behaviors with Social Support as a Mediator During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study in Korea.

To predict the performance of infection-prevention behaviors among adults in Korea based on the health belief model, using social support as a mediator. A nationwide cross-sectional survey of 700 participants from the local community was conducted using both online and offline methods from 8 metropolitan cities and 9 provinces in Korea from November 2021 to March 2022. The questionnaire was composed of 4 sections: demographic information, motivational factors for behavior change, social support, and infection-prevention behaviors. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling with the AMOS program. The general least-squares method was applied to assess the fit of the model and the bootstrapping method was tested for indirect effect and the total effect. Motivation factors that directly affected infection-prevention behaviors were self-efficacy (γ=0.58, p<0.001), perceived barriers (γ=-.08, p=0.004), perceived benefits (γ=0.10, p=0.002), perceived threats (γ=0.08, p=0.009), and social support (γ=0.13, p<0.001), after controlling for related demographic variables. Cognitive and emotional motivation factors together explained 59% of the variance in infection-prevention behaviors. Social support exerted significant mediating effects between each cognitive and emotional motivation variable and infection-prevention behaviors, along with a significant direct effect on infection-prevention behaviors (γ=0.12, p<0.001). The engagement of prevention behaviors among community-dwelling adults was influenced by their self-efficacy, perceived barriers, perceived benefits, and perceived threats with social support as a mediator. Prevention policy approaches could include providing specific information to improve self-efficacy and build awareness of the severity of the disease while establishing a supportive social environment for promoting health behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic.

SOCIAL ANXIETY IN SOCIAL MEDIA USERS: UNDERSTANDING THE ROLE OF SELF-ESTEEM AND DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS

Social anxiety can occur online when individuals use social media. Several factors that are thought to influence social anxiety using social media are self-esteem and demographic factors such as age, gender, and duration of social media use. The aim of this research is to measure empirically whether these variables are determinants of social anxiety using social media. The participants of this research are 164 active social media users who live in the Jakarta Greater Area. The social anxiety scale for social media users and the self-esteem scale are used as research instruments. The data analysis technique used is regression to measure the role of self-esteem on social anxiety using social media. Meanwhile, correlation tests and difference tests were carried out to determine the position of demographic variables in relation to social anxiety using social media. The research results show that age has a significant negative correlation, while the duration of social media use has a significant positive correlation with social anxiety using social media. On the other hand, self-esteem is proven to have an influence on all aspects of social anxiety using social media. The strongest effect appears on interaction anxiety, and the weakest effect appears on privacy content anxiety. The research results also showed that female participants had higher social anxiety using social media than male participants.

The influence of demographic variables to e-waste management practices in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

E-waste is defined as electrical and electronic appliances that are no longer functioning, broken, obsolete or unwanted by the present owner and are ready to be discarded. The disposal of e-waste is a challenging task as it contains hazardous substances as well as the precious metals. This study seeks to investigate e-waste management practices among respondents based on their demographic background. A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted among 936 respondents in Kuala Lumpur, and questionnaires survey forms are used as research instrument. A statistical test was run to examine the relation of ten options of e-waste management practices to five demographic variables. The result has shown that respondents’ occupation is the most significantly related demographic variables to e-waste disposal practices compared to other demographic variables. Respondents that work in the private sector were reported to have the highest percentage for each e-waste disposal practices compared to other type of occupations. The factors that have led to this finding may be due to the working environment (which deals a lot with electrical and electronic appliances), as well as the exposure and information from wide range of sources. Overall, the e-waste disposal practices vary based on the demographic background. The output of this study is beneficial for decision makers and relevant agencies in creating an appropriate management actions and approach based on demographic background towards sustainable e-waste management in Malaysia. Keywords: Environment, e-waste management, human health, Kuala Lumpur, practices, public

Attitudes Toward Health Promotion Among Nurses in Primary Care Settings: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Health promotion is a process of enabling people to increase control over and improve their health. Understanding the concept of health promotion and using it in practice is crucial for nurses in primary care settings. Aims: To assess attitudes toward health promotion and related demographic variables among nurses in Jordanian primary care settings. Methods: A cross-sectional, correlational design was utilized from November 2020 to February 2021. Convenience sampling was used to recruit 145 nurses in primary care settings in northern Jordan. A self-reported questionnaire was distributed to all eligible nurses. It was part of the “nurses’ knowledge and attitudes toward health promotion questionnaire” which was used in a study before. Results: Positive attitudes were found with a mean score of 25.26 out of 32 (SD = 2.96). While 87.6% of participants agreed that nurses should assume more responsibility for health promotion, 60.7% agreed that patients found health promotion dull and boring. While 71% claimed to have the necessary skills to conduct health promotion, only 43.4% agreed that they had enough time to conduct health promotion. Furthermore, nurses with a bachelor’s degree had significantly higher attitude scores compared to nurses with an associate degree (t [143] = -2.053, p = .042). Conclusion: The value of health promotion should be emphasized early on among nursing students; more time and resources should be devoted to facilitate health promotion in primary settings, and policymakers and administrators should establish clear guidelines and a supportive environment to enhance the nursing role in providing health promotion.

Differences of education level and job position in digital transformation adoption in Vietnam’s creative industries

The aim of this paper is to contribute to understanding the differences in educational level and job titles that affect the adoption of digital transformation in the context of creative industries. The approach is based primarily on the technology-organizational-environment framework, one-way analysis of variance, and multivariate linear regression that were used to test the empirical model. This article describes the difference between the educational level and the job position groups for the adoption of digital transformation in Vietnam’s creative industries, as well as an essential difference between them for the predictor variables. Our research has underlined the importance of demographic variables in relation to the adoption of digital transformation. The current study is limited to some fields of creative industries in Vietnam, such as design, creative services, new media, audiovisuals, publishing and printed media, and selected demographic parameters. More research should be done on certain fields in the creative industries and other demographic characteristics.

A Study to assess the effectiveness of Planned Teaching Programme on knowledge regarding Telemedicine among nursing students in a selected college in Mumbai

Good health is central to human happiness and well-being that contributes significantly to prosperity and wealth and even economic progress, as healthy populations are more productive, save more and live longer. Telemedicine is the exchange of medical information from one location to another using electronic communication, which improves patient health status. Telemedicine has multiple applications and can be used for different services, which includes wireless tools, email, two-way video, smartphones, and other methods of telecommunications technology. A telemedicine appointment is just like a regular appointment. You will sit in front of a camera where you will be able to see yourself and your health care provider on the screen once your session begins. These appointments are also called virtual visits. Beginning more than 40 years ago with hospitals extending their services to patients in remote locations rapidly and has become an integrated part of specialty departments, hospitals, private doctor offices, home health care, and the consumer’s residence and workplace. Objective: To assess the pretest and posttest knowledge of student nurses regarding telemedicine. To assess the effectiveness of planned teaching program on knowledge regarding telemedicine. To find the association between knowledge of students regarding telemedicine with selected demographic variables. Hypothesis H0: There will be no change in knowledge of the students in relation to telemedicine. H01: There will be no association between the knowledge score with selected demographic variables in relation to telemedicine. Research Methodology A descriptive, evaluative approach was used. The data gathering process begin on 1st January to 31st January. The investigator selects the nursing college and obtained the permission from the college authorities to conduct the study. The investigator selects the nursing students of 2nd year basic BSc nursing and talked with them. The investigator introduced self and briefly explained about the study, its purposes and process. There by a rapport was developed with the nursing students and a brief assessment was done to confirm whether they fulfil the inclusion and exclusion criteria selected for the study. The content of the consent form was explained. The investigator gave multiple choice questionnaires to nursing students to assess their knowledge regarding telemedicine. The instructions were given to read the options carefully and marked the circle at appropriate answer. Then after this planned teaching is given to them. 7 days’ time was given to go through the teaching plan and clarified the doubts. Then the post test was done. Major Finding of The Study Sample characteristics 1. Majority of the student with telemedicine were in the age group of 19-20. 2. Majority of the student’s average knowledge (43.3%) good (0%) and poor knowledge(56.6%)and (0%) having excellent knowledge. Knowledge on telemedicine 1. Majority of the nursing students were not aware about the telemedicine as they scored below 50% in the pre-test. 2. Most of the students scored above 50% in the post-test which shows the planned teaching was effective. Effects of Planned Teaching on Knowledge 1. The mean pre-test and post-test knowledge score were 25% in pre-test and 75% in post-test respectively. 2. The calculated ‘t’ value (16.96) was greater than the table value of 2.05 which suggest that the planned teaching was effective in increasing the overall knowledge of the sample. 3. Hence the research hypothesis was accepted showing that there is significant difference between the mean pre-test and post-test knowledge score of the subjects.

Problems seeded in the past: lagged effects of historical land-use changes can cause an extinction debt in long-lived species due to movement limitation

ContextLand-use change is one of the main threats to biodiversity on the global scale. Legacy effects of historical land-use changes may affect population dynamics of long-lived species, but they are difficult to evaluate through observational studies alone. We present here an interdisciplinary modelling approach as an alternative to address this problem in landscape ecology.ObjectivesAssess effects of agricultural abandonment and anthropisation on the population dynamics of long-lived species. Specifically, we evaluated: (a) how changes in movement patterns caused by land-use change might impact population dynamics; (b) time-lag responses of demographic variables in relation to land-use changes.MethodsWe applied an individual-based and spatial-explicit simulation model of the spur-tighed tortoise (Testudo graeca), an endangered species, to sequences of real-world landscape changes representing agricultural abandonment and anthropisation at the local scale. We analysed different demographic variables and compared an “impact scenario” (i.e., historical land-use changes) with a “control scenario” (no land-use changes).ResultsWhile agricultural abandonment did not lead to relevant changes in demographic variables, anthropisation negatively affected the reproductive rate, population density and the extinction probability with time-lag responses of 20, 30 and 130 years, respectively, and caused an extinction debt of 22%.ConclusionsWe provide an understanding of how changes in animal movement driven by land-use changes can translate into lagged impacts on demography and, ultimately, on population viability. Implementation of proactive mitigation management are needed to promote landscape connectivity, especially for long-lived species for which first signatures of an extinction debt may arise only after decades.

A Social Psychological Review on Women’s Surname Change after Marriage and Divorce

Surname is an integral part of a person’s identity. However, surname which has many psychological and social meanings for the person is changed only for women after marriage. In this regard, the purpose of the article is to review the factors affecting women’s decisions regarding surname choice after marriage and divorce, as well as explaining the stereotypes and attitudes towards women who made traditional or untraditional name choices. In terms of the marital surname choice, women may adopt husband’s surname, hyphenate their birth surname and their husband’s surname, and retain only their birth surname. In this context, we presented not only related demographic variables such as age, socio-economic level, education level, and political orientation but also social psychological variables such as emphasis on family/motherhood, sexism, feminist identification, religiosity and perceived social norms. Then, studies focusing on the attitudes and stereotypes towards women who make different marital surname choices were presented. The traditional surname change was also considered in terms of patriarchy and gender-based discrimination. Additionally, possible effects of the post-divorce surname change on a woman's life were mentioned. In the conclusion part, the effects of surname change at the individual and societal level were discussed in parallel with the issues mentioned in the current article and further possible research ideas were suggested. Keywords: Surname change, surname choice, marriage, divorce, sexism, attitudes, stereotype

Sexual debut among college students in China: effects of family context.

This study examines family context and sexual debut among young people in China. Using data from the 2018 Panel Study of Chinese University Students (PSCUS), it explores how the family is correlated with sexual debut among young people in China aged 18-24 years. The Kaplan-Meier method was adopted to detect a survival function for different family factors and related demographic variables. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was adopted to calculate hazard ratios for the timing of sexual debut. The average age of sexual debut among the college students was 18.39 years. The Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that sexual intercourse initiation was earlier for female students who had no siblings, and those who had a mother with senior high school (including technical school) education or higher family income, but this correlation was insignificant among male students. The multivariate hazard regression analysis revealed that living in a family with a higher level of fathers' education, having a lower level of family income and having siblings had positive correlations with later sexual debut among the college students. Moreover, family factors showed gender differences in their associations with the timing of sexual debut, typically parent's education level, family income and left-behind experience. This study provides a comprehensive perspective on the role of family influences in timing of sexual debut among youth in China.

Dental Students in Germany throughout the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Psychological Assessment and Cross-Sectional Survey.

Simple SummaryThe Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) outbreak has presented severe public health risks throughout the world since 2019. Among various health impacts of the pandemic globally, it has led to unprecedented risks to the mental wellbeing of healthcare professionals and students. This study aimed to examine the impact of the pandemic and several demographic and social factors on dental students’ mental health in German universities nationwide from July 2020 to January 2021. The survey assembled data through an online platform on demographics, the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21), and the Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R) instrument from 211 participants and examined correlations between all variables and mental consequences of depression, anxiety, stress, intrusion, avoidance, and hyperarousal in the study population. Dental students showed an overall mild impact of the outbreak on the assessed psychological aspects. Female students and students having cardiovascular conditions or smoking habitually, as well as participants perceiving COVID-19 as a financial danger were significantly affected more by the disease than their counterparts. Highlighting these results can help to protect dental students’ mental health in German universities during the crisis and support the authorities to adjust the required actions to counteract detrimental effects of the outbreakMultiple investigations have reported high psychological distress among students since the coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak started. This survey examined the associations between psychological features, and several demographic and social factors among dental students in German universities. Dental students registered in German universities nationwide were asked to join this survey via a self-directed online questionnaire, from July 2020 to January 2021. This study assembled data on demographic statistics, the depression anxiety stress scales (DASS-21), and the impact of events scale—revised (IES-R) instrument. The relationships between demographic-related variables and mental consequences of depression, anxiety, stress, intrusion, avoidance, and hyperarousal were inspected. Two hundred and eleven students contributed to the questionnaire and conveyed overall normal or mild outcomes of depression, anxiety, stress, intrusion, avoidance, and hyperarousal. In addition, female gender, cardiovascular diseases, smoking habits, and seeing the COVID-19 outbreak as a financial risk were stated as significant related factors (p < 0.05), with increased IES-R and DASS-21 scores. These results highlight the features that should be considered to better protect dental students’ mental health in German universities during the crisis.

Predictors for Depression, Sleep Disturbance, and Subjective Pain among Inpatients with Depressive Disorders during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic can have a negative impact on patients with mood disorders. The aim of this study is to explore the societal influence of COVID-19 and associated impacts on levels of depression, sleep disturbance, and subjective pain among patients with mood disorders. This cross-sectional study recruited inpatients with depression and bipolar disorder. Levels of depression, sleep disturbance, subjective pain, and related demographic variables were collected through self-reported questionnaires. Potential factors associated with levels of depression, sleep disturbance, and subjective pain were identified using univariate linear regression and further entered into a stepwise multivariate linear regression model to identify the independent predictors. A total of 119 participants were included in the analysis, of whom 50.42% had bipolar disorder and 49.58% had unipolar depression. Multivariate analysis showed that a higher level of depression was associated with female subjects, subjects with partners, present history of psychological trauma, and drinking alcohol. Sleep disturbance was associated with subjects with partners and drinking alcohol. A higher level of subjective pain was associated with a higher level of social anxiety and a history of psychological trauma. The current study identified several predictors of psychological burden and subjective pain among inpatients with depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. Further investigations are warranted to extend the application and generalizability of our results.

Treatment patterns, and survival of patients with metastatic undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma: A National Cancer Database (NCDB) study.

11561 Background: Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma (UPS) is regarded as one of the most common types of soft tissue sarcoma. Although prior studies have highlighted its metastatic potential, there have been no database studies that delineate the clinical/social characteristics and outcomes in UPS patients with metastatic disease. Utilizing the National Cancer Database (NCDB), we want to observe the complex interplay between treatment approaches and non-biologic modifiers. Methods: 737 patients diagnosed with metastatic UPS above the age of 17 years between 2004 and 2015 were identified utilizing the NCDB. Patients were identified with ICD-O-3 morphologic code 8830/3. Demographic factors (Race/ethnicity, biological sex, Median household income/education at zip code level, facility type, insurance) were studied in relation to the type of treatment they received: No treatment; chemotherapy only; chemotherapy and radiation therapy; chemotherapy and surgery; chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation; radiation therapy and/or surgery; and other treatments. Survival tables were utilized to generate 1-year and 3-year survival rates, and Kaplan-Meier method with associated log-rank list was used to examine the differences in unadjusted survival. Results: Approximately 17% of our cohort were left untreated, whereas 83% received treatment. Patients who were untreated were likely to be older, on Medicare, and had a Charlson-Deyo (CD) score of 2 or above. Patients who were more likely to receive treatment were younger educated males with private insurance, residing in areas of higher income, and receiving care at an academic program. Patients who only received chemotherapy were more likely to belong to areas with lower income and had a CD score of 0. Patients who received a combination of chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation therapy were more likely to belong to areas of high income, private insurance owners, and received care at an academic facility. Patients who received chemotherapy with surgery and without radiation therapy were more likely to be younger males from areas of highest income, and received care at an academic facility. Patients who had better unadjusted survival were younger educated patients on private insurance or Medicaid, with distant lymph nodes metastases at diagnosis, who received a combination of chemotherapy, radiation therapy and surgery at an academic program. Patients who had poorer unadjusted survival were untreated older patients on Medicare, and with bone metastases. Conclusions: This is one of the most comprehensive studies involving patients with metastatic UPS that analyzes demographic variables in relation to the treatment approach. Some of the major determinants that influence outcomes in these patients included age, insurance status, treatment at academic facility, CD score, and type of metastases at diagnoses.

Evaluation of Anxiety, Depression and Burden on Caregivers of Children with Cerebral Palsy

ABSTRACT In this study, we investigated the relationship of demographic variables with mental disorders generally encountered by the caregivers. The cohort includes 109 caregivers (38.53 ± 9.62 year-old) of pediatric cerebral palsy patients (1–18 year-old) taken more than 3 months of caregiving. Data were obtained via face-to-face interviews and a 13-questioned survey followed by a statistical correlation with Zarit-Caregiver-Burden-Scale (Zarit-CBS), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Beck Depression Inventory-II scores (BDI-II). BAI scores were lower in the case of collaborative caregiving (p = .034) and a better financial status (p = .045) but higher in families having more than 1 disabled child (p = .019). Zarit-CBS scores were significantly higher in caregiving mothers with older age (p = .027) and lower in families having only 1 disabled child (p = .025). Mental disorders related to caregiving are dependent on the burden directed on the caregivers and having collaboration decreases anxiety. Medical assistance should be provided to caregivers showing signs of a mental disorder.

Cheating on exams: Investigating Reasons, Attitudes, and the Role of Demographic Variables

Cheating is an academically dishonest behavior about which there has been a thrust of research. However, it has not been extensively researched in an Iranian context. Therefore, the current study was conducted with 310 Iranian students. A cheating questionnaire was devised and administered to the participants. Certain demographic variables were investigated. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were employed to analyze the obtained data. The results of the descriptive statistics revealed that cheating was common among participants, and most students did not harbor any negative attitude toward cheating or at least were neutral about it. The most common method of cheating was “letting others look at their papers while taking exams.” The most common reason for cheating was “not being ready for the exam.” As for inferential statistics, one-way analysis of variance, an independent t-test, and correlational analyses were used to test the effect and relationship of demographic variables on and between the cheating behaviors of the participants. It was found that none of the two demographic variables of gender and year level had any effect on students’ cheating behaviors. Furthermore, achievement scores and age were not significantly correlated with cheating behavior scores.

Relationship of demographic variables and service quality on customer satisfaction

Relationship of demographic variables and service quality on customer satisfaction

Association rule mining approach: evaluating pre-purchase risk intentions in the online second-hand goods market

Research background: A considerable amount of research has been conducted on the riskiness associated with online transactions in general. However, few studies have paid particular attention to the risk of online second-hand goods transactions. We, therefore, argue in this paper that, while online transactions pose several risks to consumers, the addition of second-hand goods intensifies the risks to the user. As the risk factors brought about by the online second-hand goods transactions persist, the magnitude of such risk inherent in the customer in question has not clearly emerged.&#x0D; Purpose of the article: This paper aims at eliciting the magnitude of risky components aligned with the tendency to connect online in search of second-hand goods. Again, providing insight into demographic variables in relation to the pre-purchasing risk factors; averting customers to connect online in search of second-hand goods stands as one of the key reasons for the present study.&#x0D; Methods: The research adopts a data mining algorithm, notably the Association rule mining to glean relevant patterns in the data accrued from the Czech Republic, premised on risk components governing the online buying behaviour of second-hand goods. To this end, a simple random technique was adopted to gauge the views of e-shoppers in the Czech Republic on online second-hand goods transactions; with 329 out of 411 respondents eligible for our analysis.&#x0D; Findings &amp; Value added: The results of the association rule technique have revealed that respondents within the gender frame are both adamant to hook-up online, in spite of the fact that they have shopped online, yet do not think of looking at second-hand goods sites because of some risky influence inherent in them, even if the respondent is an ordinary personal-user of online transactions. In all these developments, the research concludes that the second-hand industry needs to redesign the websites with much attention to reinforce stringent measures that will give better assurance of the risk factors, which will tend to avert the customer from connecting via the Internet in pursuit of second-hand goods.

Personal characteristics, coping strategies, and resilience impact on compassion fatigue in critical care nurses: A cross-sectional study.

Compassion fatigue is known to impact the well-being of nurses and patient safety outcomes. Currently, there is limited academic understanding of the role of demographic factors in contributing to compassion fatigue in critical care nurses. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between nurse demographic characteristics and the development of compassion fatigue, as indicated by level of burnout and compassion satisfaction in critical care nurses in Saudi Arabia. The cross-sectional study design included administering three surveys to critical care nurses (n = 321) in four Saudi public hospitals to examine the nurse demographic variables in relation to compassion fatigue, the compassion fatigue coping strategies of nurses, and nurse resilience. The results show both demographic and workplace structural elements, such as length of work shift, education level, and nationality, were all significant factors in resilience to compassion fatigue among Saudi critical care nurses, whereas factors of age and sex were not significant. This study concludes that the demographic characteristics of critical care nurses enable the identification of levels of compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction, and their resilience to the effects of compassion fatigue.